Non-Toxic and Low-VOC Paints for Family Living Spaces

Everyone loves a freshly painted room—but no one wants the smell or symptoms associated with VOC paint. VOCs can cause a dizzying array of health effects while you paint and long after that last coat has dried. Plus, they’re bad for the environment. Thankfully, technological advancements and regulatory pressure from organizations like the EPA have urged paint manufacturers to invest in low and non-VOC formulations. Today, many low and zero-VOC paints are available through major brands like Sherwin-Williams and Behr. Whether you’re a designer choosing colors for your clients or a homeowner preparing to update your own space, we hope this article helps you find the perfect low-VOC paint for your next project.

Understanding VOCs and Their Impacts on Human Health

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a group of carbon-based chemicals that easily evaporate at room temperature. These compounds are found in many household products, including paints, varnishes, and cleaning supplies. When applied to surfaces, VOCs are released into the air—creating indoor air pollution that can linger for days or even weeks. Common VOCs include formaldehyde, benzene, and toluene, which are known for their strong odors and potential health risks.

Health Risks Posed by Exposure to VOCs

High VOC paint poses several health risks, especially in poorly ventilated spaces. Short-term exposure can cause immediate symptoms. According to this resource from the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, “Exposure to VOC vapors can cause a variety of health effects, including eye, nose, and throat irritation; headaches and loss of coordination; nausea; and damage to the liver, kidneys, or central nervous system.” Unfortunately, certain volatile organic compounds are also “suspected or proven carcinogens.”

You might think that your risk of these issues is eliminated if you protect yourself with safety goggles and a respirator while painting a room. However, this resource from the US EPA notes that “elevated concentrations can persist in the air long after the activity is completed”—even when that new paint smell has dissipated. You certainly don’t want that paint off-gassing for months after decorating if you’re painting a nursery, family room, home office, or bedroom. For vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and those with preexisting health conditions, the impact of VOCs can be particularly severe.

The Environmental Impact of VOCs

The environmental damage caused by VOC emissions extends beyond indoor air quality. When VOCs are released into the atmosphere, they contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and smog, which are harmful to both human health and the environment.

These pollutants can negatively affect plant life, reduce crop yields, and contribute to climate change by enhancing the greenhouse effect. VOCs can also contaminate soil and water sources, posing long-term ecological risks. This is why the EPA and other organizations have encouraged paint manufacturers to produce more low-VOC paint—for both human health and the environment.

How Can Switching to Low or Zero VOC Paint Help?

Non-toxic and low-VOC paints offer significant health benefits for families, particularly for vulnerable groups such as children, pregnant women, and individuals with allergies or asthma. These paints minimize the release of harmful chemicals into the air—reducing the risk of respiratory issues, skin irritation, and other adverse health effects. For pregnant women, using non-toxic paints can help prevent potential developmental issues for the fetus.

A Safer, Healthier Outdoor Environment

Using non-toxic and low-VOC paints contributes to reducing environmental pollution. These paints have lower levels of volatile organic compounds, which helps decrease the formation of ground-level ozone and smog. By choosing eco-friendly paint options, consumers can play a part in mitigating climate change and reducing the overall carbon footprint. Additionally, many non-toxic paints are produced using sustainable practices and natural ingredients, further supporting environmental conservation efforts.

Improved Indoor Air Quality

Non-toxic and low-VOC paints significantly improve indoor air quality both immediately and over the long term. Traditional paints can release VOCs for weeks after application, leading to prolonged exposure to harmful chemicals.

In contrast, low-VOC and non-toxic paints have minimal off-gassing, resulting in cleaner, fresher air inside the home. Improved indoor air quality can lead to better overall health, enhanced comfort, and a more pleasant living environment for all household members.

Formulation Options for Lower VOC Paints

Paint companies started releasing non-VOC and low-VOC paints in the early 2000s—driven by growing environmental awareness and increasing concerns about indoor air quality. The introduction of these eco-friendly paints was part of a broader movement towards sustainability in the home improvement industry.

Regulations like the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) rules on VOC emissions, and the push for greener building certifications like LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) further accelerated the development and adoption of non-toxic paint options. Over the past two decades, advancements in paint technology have made it possible for manufacturers to offer high-performance, low-emission products that meet consumer demand for healthier, more sustainable living environments.

Today, homeowners and designers have so many options! But before you pick, consider the different formulations outlined below.

Water-Based Paints

Water-based paints, also known as latex paints, use water as the primary solvent instead of petroleum-based solvents found in traditional oil-based paints. This reduces the emission of VOCs and makes the paint a healthier and more environmentally friendly option.

Water-based paints are easy to apply, dry quickly, and have minimal odor, which makes them convenient for use in occupied spaces. They’re also easier to clean up with just soap and water, eliminating the need for harsh chemicals.

Natural Paints

Natural paints are made from ingredients like clay, lime, and milk protein, which are derived from renewable and biodegradable sources. These paints are free from synthetic chemicals and VOCs, making them exceptionally safe for indoor air quality and human health.

Clay paints offer a beautiful matte finish and excellent breathability, while lime paints have natural antimicrobial properties. Milk paint, which is made from casein (a milk protein), provides a durable and velvety finish that is ideal for furniture and historical restorations. Natural paints are perfect for those looking for sustainable, non-toxic options with unique aesthetic qualities.

Low-VOC paints are often more durable and affordable than zero-VOC options, which makes them suitable for high-traffic areas or exterior surfaces where a balance of safety and performance is required. They are also widely available.

How to Choose the Right Non-Toxic and Low-VOC Paints for Your Project

Now that you know about the different formulations of lower VOC paints, let’s talk about how to pick the right brand. First, carefully read paint labels and look for certifications such as Green Seal or Greenguard, which indicate that the product meets rigorous environmental and health standards. Pay attention to the ingredients list and avoid common toxic substances such as formaldehyde, benzene, and heavy metals.

Benjamin Moore

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Benjamin Moore has some great eco-friendly paint options like Natura, Eco Spec, and Aura. Natura is awesome because it’s zero VOC even after you add color, which is perfect for keeping your indoor air super clean. Eco Spec is another zero VOC choice, and it is great for both homes and businesses. If you’re looking for durability and tons of color choices, check out the low VOC Aura line.

Sherwin-Williams

Sherwin-Williams has you covered with their Harmony, ProMar 200 Zero VOC, and Emerald paints. Harmony is a real winner because it’s zero VOC and helps cut down on indoor odors. ProMar 200 Zero VOC is perfect for commercial spaces, offering pro-level performance with an eco-friendly twist. The Emerald line, though low VOC, gives you amazing coverage and a huge range of colors. So, you get the best of both worlds: eco-friendly and high-quality.

Behr

Behr is a go-to for affordable and easy-to-find eco-friendly paints. Their Premium Plus Interior is zero VOC and available at Home Depot, making it super convenient. The Ultra and Marquee lines are low VOC and offer great durability and coverage, which is ideal for busy areas in your home. Behr’s paints are reliable and budget-friendly, perfect for anyone looking to go green.

Farrow & Ball

Farrow & Ball is known for their luxurious, eco-friendly paints. They have low VOC options like Estate Emulsion, Modern Emulsion, and Full Gloss. These paints are famous for their rich colors and high-end finishes. Estate Emulsion gives a classic matte look, Modern Emulsion is more durable and washable, and Full Gloss offers a shiny, reflective finish. All these options are beautiful and eco-friendly.

ECOS Paints

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ECOS Paints are a top choice if you need zero VOC paints, especially if you have allergies or sensitivities. Their Interior Paints line has a wide range of colors and finishes, all non-toxic and eco-friendly. ECOS is all about creating safe living spaces without sacrificing style, making them a fantastic pick for healthy homes.

AFM Safecoat

AFM Safecoat is perfect for anyone needing hypoallergenic, zero-VOC paints. Their Safecoat Zero VOC and Naturals lines are designed to be free of harmful toxins and odors, ideal for those with health concerns. The Naturals line uses plant-based ingredients for a truly natural option. AFM Safecoat is a favorite for creating safe, healthy environments.

Clare

Clare Paint makes it easy to be stylish and eco-friendly with its zero VOC paints in designer-curated colors. Its focus on sustainability includes using recyclable packaging. Clare’s curated palette and non-toxic formulas make it simple to choose beautiful, eco-conscious paint for your home.

Earthborn Paints

Earthborn offers breathable, eco-friendly paints made from natural materials like clay. Their zero VOC options, Claypaint and Lifestyle Emulsion are all about sustainability. These paints not only look great with their unique matte finish but also keep your indoor air quality high. Earthborn is perfect for anyone looking for sustainable, beautiful, and low-odor paint options.

Milk Paint

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Milk Paint offers a truly natural option with its zero-VOC paints made from milk protein, lime, and natural pigments. Its Old Fashioned Milk Paint line offers a durable, velvety finish that’s great for furniture and historic restorations.

Dunn-Edwards

With zero VOC products like Everest and Spartazero, Dunn-Edwards is all about green building practices. These paints are perfect for all sorts of projects, from homes to commercial spaces. Dunn-Edwards combines durability with eco-friendliness, making their zero VOC paints a great choice for anyone looking to go green without sacrificing performance.

Final Thoughts: Before You Paint…

When you’re ready to paint with low—or no-VOC paints, here are a few tips to get the best results. First, always read the labels and make sure you’re getting a product that fits your needs. Prep your surfaces well: clean and sand them if needed to help the paint adhere better. Use good-quality brushes and rollers to make the application smoother and more even. Keep the room well-ventilated while you’re painting and as it dries, even if the paint is low or no VOC.

And finally, don’t be afraid to get creative with your color choices. Eco-friendly paints come in a wide variety of shades, so you can keep your home stylish and healthy at the same time. Share your next painting project with us in the comments below or email photos to our editor at Editor@DesignDash.com.